Introduction to unique and shared pointers

When initializing smart pointers, we move away from the direct use of new and instead use make functions.   will be used to initialize std::unique_ptr<T> objects. Fill in the blank.

std::shared_ptr is used for shared-ownership resource management. Given the following function definition:

template <typename T>
void Foo(std::shared_ptr<T> sp) {
  std::cout << sp.use_count() << std::endl;
}

What will Foo have written to standard output after the following statements have executed?

auto m1 = std::make_shared<int>(7);
Foo(m1);

Note: a shared_ptr's use_count returns the number (i.e., count) of shared_ptr objects engaged shared ownership of the resource pointed to.

The implementation of an std::unique_ptr pointer and essence of this data structure relies on which of the following design patterns / programming idioms?